Reviewed 17 October 2026

Clinical clips

Eleven openly licensed clips, then the SCCM course clips used with permission.

Short teaching loops, not complete examinations.

Heart

Normal apical four-chamber view

Identify the four chambers, septum and atrioventricular valves across the cardiac cycle.

A single normal example does not exclude cardiac disease or establish an ejection fraction. This short loop is intended for orientation and qualitative motion assessment.

I.A.C. van der Bilt, MD, Department of Echocardiography AMC; CardioNetworks/ECHOpedia (Vdbilt) (2007) · CC BY-SA 3.0

Source and changes

Individual source file and licence · Original work

Examination-date area at the upper left masked; original creator credits and scan anatomy retained. Transcoded to H.264 MP4 without changing sequence or playback speed. Audio and source container metadata removed. JPEG poster extracted at 0.15 seconds; it is a still from the processed clinical clip.

This video and its poster remain under CC BY-SA 3.0.

Continue in the lecture →

Normal papillary-level short axis

Follow circumferential wall thickening and inward motion at the papillary-muscle level.

Interpret alongside other levels and views. This loop is not a quantitative EF measurement, and foreshortening or obliquity can alter the apparent geometry.

I.A.C. van der Bilt, MD, Department of Echocardiography AMC; CardioNetworks/ECHOpedia (Vdbilt) (2007) · CC BY-SA 3.0

Source and changes

Individual source file and licence · Original work

Examination-date area at the upper left masked; original creator credits and scan anatomy retained. Transcoded to H.264 MP4 without changing sequence or playback speed. Audio and source container metadata removed. JPEG poster extracted at 0.15 seconds; it is a still from the processed clinical clip.

This video and its poster remain under CC BY-SA 3.0.

Continue in the lecture →

Pericardial effusion

Recognise pericardial fluid and inspect right-sided chamber motion in an apical cine from a published tamponade teaching case.

Confirm collapse timing with ECG or M-mode and integrate haemodynamics. Effusion alone does not diagnose tamponade, and the clip is not an instruction to drain.

Ben Smith, Ultrasound of the Week (2017) · CC BY-SA 4.0

Source and changes

Individual source file and licence · Original work

Transcoded to H.264 MP4 without changing sequence or playback speed. Audio and source container metadata removed. JPEG poster extracted at 0.15 seconds; it is a still from the processed clinical clip.

This video and its poster remain under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Continue in the lecture →

Lung

Lung sliding

Watch respiratory movement at the pleural line, between the rib shadows.

Sliding excludes pneumothorax only at the location inspected. A single clip does not establish a normal whole-lung examination.

Gillman LM, Ball CG, Panebianco N, Al-Kadi A, Kirkpatrick AW (2009) · CC BY 2.0

Source and changes

Individual source file and licence · Original work

The identifying/examination header across the top 28 pixels masked outside the scan anatomy. Transcoded to H.264 MP4 without changing sequence or playback speed. Audio and source container metadata removed. JPEG poster extracted at 0.15 seconds; it is a still from the processed clinical clip.

This video and its poster remain under CC BY 2.0.

Continue in the lecture →

Absent lung sliding

Compare the pleural line with the sliding example. Movement beneath it is markedly reduced or absent.

Absent sliding is nonspecific. Consider apnoea, pleural adhesions, mainstem intubation, severe lung disease and pneumothorax; integrate other signs and clinical context.

Gillman LM, Ball CG, Panebianco N, Al-Kadi A, Kirkpatrick AW (2009) · CC BY 2.0

Source and changes

Individual source file and licence · Original work

The identifying/examination header across the top 28 pixels masked outside the scan anatomy. Transcoded to H.264 MP4 without changing sequence or playback speed. Audio and source container metadata removed. JPEG poster extracted at 0.15 seconds; it is a still from the processed clinical clip.

This video and its poster remain under CC BY 2.0.

Continue in the lecture →

Vertical pleural artefacts

Identify vertical bright artefacts arising at the pleural line and extending through the displayed image.

The original source calls these comet-tail artefacts. Use contemporary B-line definitions and scan settings; the appearance alone does not establish pulmonary oedema or its cause.

Gillman LM, Ball CG, Panebianco N, Al-Kadi A, Kirkpatrick AW (2009) · CC BY 2.0

Source and changes

Individual source file and licence · Original work

The identifying/examination header across the top 28 pixels masked outside the scan anatomy. Transcoded to H.264 MP4 without changing sequence or playback speed. Audio and source container metadata removed. JPEG poster extracted at 0.15 seconds; it is a still from the processed clinical clip.

This video and its poster remain under CC BY 2.0.

Continue in the lecture →

Pneumothorax lung point

Follow the respiratory transition between sliding lung and a region without sliding in the published pneumothorax example.

Confirm the expected A-line pattern on the non-sliding side and distinguish lung-edge mimics. Absence of a lung point does not exclude pneumothorax; do not infer tension physiology from the clip.

Gillman LM, Ball CG, Panebianco N, Al-Kadi A, Kirkpatrick AW (2009) · CC BY 2.0

Source and changes

Individual source file and licence · Original work

The identifying/examination header across the top 28 pixels masked outside the scan anatomy. Transcoded to H.264 MP4 without changing sequence or playback speed. Audio and source container metadata removed. JPEG poster extracted at 0.15 seconds; it is a still from the processed clinical clip.

This video and its poster remain under CC BY 2.0.

Continue in the lecture →

Physiological lung-edge mimic

Sliding lung moves over mediastinal soft tissue with cardiac motion. The non-lung side lacks the expected A-line/no-sliding pattern.

CT excluded pneumothorax in this published case. Compare the entire image pattern with the true lung-point example; a moving boundary alone is insufficient.

Zhongheng Zhang and Lin Chen (2015) · CC BY 4.0

Source and changes

Individual source file and licence · Original work

Identifying/time header masked; black pillarboxes removed and display proportionally resized from the original 1920 × 1080 container to 720 × 540. Transcoded to H.264 MP4 without changing sequence or playback speed. Audio and source container metadata removed. JPEG poster extracted at 0.15 seconds; it is a still from the processed clinical clip.

This video and its poster remain under CC BY 4.0.

Continue in the lecture →

Pleural fluid

Identify an anechoic pleural collection, diaphragm and adjacent compressed lung.

Ultrasound appearance alone does not establish fluid composition. This clip is not a patient-specific map of a safe drainage route.

Gillman LM, Ball CG, Panebianco N, Al-Kadi A, Kirkpatrick AW (2009) · CC BY 2.0

Source and changes

Individual source file and licence · Original work

The identifying/examination header across the top 28 pixels masked outside the scan anatomy. Transcoded to H.264 MP4 without changing sequence or playback speed. Audio and source container metadata removed. JPEG poster extracted at 0.15 seconds; it is a still from the processed clinical clip.

This video and its poster remain under CC BY 2.0.

Continue in the lecture →

Flow and shock

Respiratory IVC variation

Observe changes in IVC calibre and position during respiration.

IVC variation is influenced by breathing effort, ventilation, abdominal pressure and right-heart function. This clip cannot prove hypovolaemia or predict fluid responsiveness.

Gillman LM, Ball CG, Panebianco N, Al-Kadi A, Kirkpatrick AW (2009) · CC BY 2.0

Source and changes

Individual source file and licence · Original work

Non-square pixels normalised to 640 × 480 while preserving the original 4:3 display geometry; the source import already omitted its identifying header. Transcoded to H.264 MP4 without changing sequence or playback speed. Audio and source container metadata removed. JPEG poster extracted at 0.15 seconds; it is a still from the processed clinical clip.

This video and its poster remain under CC BY 2.0.

Continue in the lecture →

Free fluid at the hepatorenal recess

Find the dark fluid stripe between the liver and kidney in this published trauma example.

Ultrasound identifies fluid, not its composition. A negative FAST does not exclude bleeding, retroperitoneal injury or other causes of shock.

Gillman LM, Ball CG, Panebianco N, Al-Kadi A, Kirkpatrick AW (2009) · CC BY 2.0

Source and changes

Individual source file and licence · Original work

Non-square pixels normalised to 640 × 480 while preserving the original 4:3 display geometry; the source import already omitted its identifying header. Transcoded to H.264 MP4 without changing sequence or playback speed. Audio and source container metadata removed. JPEG poster extracted at 0.15 seconds; it is a still from the processed clinical clip.

This video and its poster remain under CC BY 2.0.

Continue in the lecture →

Used with permission · reviewed 18 Oct 2026

SCCM course clips: right ventricle

From the SCCM Critical Care Ultrasound: Adult course, right-ventricle lecture. Used with permission; not openly licensed, so do not copy them for reuse. Headers cropped and metadata removed; per-file details in media-attributions.json.

FileCourse slideWhat it showsLecture
Normal parasternal long axis (RV outflow)6The RV outflow lies at the top of the sector, in front of the aortic root.Open in the lecture
Normal RV, short axis at the aortic valve8RV inflow and outflow wrap closely around the aortic valve.Open in the lecture
Dilated RV, short axis at the aortic valve8Enlarged RV inflow and outflow around the aortic valve.Open in the lecture
Normal apical four-chamber9The RV is smaller than the LV and the LV forms the apex.Open in the lecture
Standard apical four-chamber11A view centred on the LV, for comparison with the RV-focused view.Open in the lecture
RV-focused apical four-chamber11The probe is rocked and rotated to show the whole RV free wall and tricuspid annulus.Open in the lecture
Normal subcostal four-chamber12The best view for RV free-wall thickness.Open in the lecture
Normal RV, apical four-chamber16The RV is smaller than the LV. Do not use this clip to comment on the LV.Open in the lecture
Dilated, poorly contracting RV, apical four-chamber16RV dilatation and dysfunction; the course notes give the diagnosis as acute PE.Open in the lecture
Normal RV, parasternal long axis17Narrow RV outflow in front of the aortic root.Open in the lecture
Dilated, poorly contracting RV, parasternal long axis17Enlarged RV outflow.Open in the lecture
Normal RV, parasternal short axis18Thin RV crescent around a round LV.Open in the lecture
Dilated, poorly contracting RV, parasternal short axis18Large RV crescent compared with the LV.Open in the lecture
Poor RV function, apical four-chamber23Free-wall and annular motion compared with the LV; the course file names this RV infarction.Open in the lecture
Septal flattening in systole and diastole, short axis27The LV stays D-shaped at end-systole and end-diastole (course label).Open in the lecture
Septal flattening in diastole, short axis27Diastolic flattening, the volume-overload pattern (course label).Open in the lecture
Course question 1: RV infarction28Regional RV wall-motion abnormality consistent with RV infarction (course answer).Open in the lecture
Course question 2: dilated RV with severe dysfunction29Dilated RV with moderate to severe dysfunction in known pulmonary hypertension (course answer).Open in the lecture
Course questions 3 and 4: apical four-chamber31Severely enlarged RV with moderately to severely reduced function (course answer).Open in the lecture
Course questions 3 and 4: short axis31Severely enlarged RV with moderately to severely reduced function (course answer).Open in the lecture
Course question 5: short axis33Severely dilated RV with severe dysfunction (course answer).Open in the lecture
Course question 5: parasternal long axis33Severely dilated RV (course answer).Open in the lecture
Course question 5: apical four-chamber33Severely dilated RV with thrombus at the RV apex along the free wall (course answer).Open in the lecture
Parasternal short-axis levels: tilt from base to apex7Course schematic of the short-axis levels from pulmonary artery to apex.Open in the lecture
Short axis at the aortic valve: schematic and still7RA, tricuspid valve, RV outflow tract and pulmonary valve around the aortic valve.Open in the lecture
RV-focused apical four-chamber planes10Plane 1 shows the RV at its widest; planes 2 and 3 undersize it.Open in the lecture
Severe RV hypertrophy, subcostal still20Markedly thickened RV free wall; the course labels this >10 mm.Open in the lecture
Normal TAPSE, M-mode26Course example measured at 28 mm.Open in the lecture
Reduced TAPSE, M-mode26Course example measured at 12 mm.Open in the lecture

Used with permission · reviewed 18 Oct 2026

SCCM course clips: left ventricle

LV function lecture. Same permission and processing. "FE" on the grading clips is the French/Spanish abbreviation for ejection fraction.

FileCourse slideWhat it showsLecture
M-mode FS with machine Teichholz calculations8LVIDd 3.94 cm, LVIDs 2.46 cm, FS 37.6%, EF (Teich) 68.3%.Open in the lecture
Fractional shortening by M-mode: perpendicular calipers8PLAX M-mode with end-diastolic and end-systolic LV diameters.Open in the lecture
Normal LV, parasternal long axis8Normal LV; the plane for fractional shortening by M-mode.Open in the lecture
Normal LV, short axis at the papillary level9Round LV with symmetric thickening; FS and FAC plane.Open in the lecture
Fractional shortening in short axis9M-mode cursor through the centre of a round LV.Open in the lecture
Normal apical four-chamber, mitral annular motion12The lateral mitral annulus moves towards the apex in systole (MAPSE).Open in the lecture
Normal apical four-chamber, both annuli13Mitral and tricuspid annuli move apically; the tricuspid annulus travels farther.Open in the lecture
Apical four-chamber, annular excursion14MAPSE demonstration clip; normal or abnormal not labelled by the course.Open in the lecture
MAPSE by M-mode15M-mode through the lateral mitral annulus; shown for caliper technique.Open in the lecture
EPSS by M-mode16Septum to E-point caliper reading 0.59 cm; shown for technique.Open in the lecture
FAC: end-diastolic area20PSAX endocardial trace, 22.4 cm².Open in the lecture
FAC: end-systolic area20PSAX endocardial trace, 16.2 cm² (FAC 28%).Open in the lecture
Simpson's disc tracing, apical four-chamber23A4C endocardial trace with discs. A duplicate source image carrying a patient name and ID was excluded.Open in the lecture
Simpson's method of discs diagram23Course schematic of the LV divided into discs.Open in the lecture
Simpson's A4C, end-diastole26LVEDV MOD A4C 111 mL.Open in the lecture
Simpson's A4C, end-systole26LVESV MOD A4C 58 mL.Open in the lecture
Simpson's A2C, end-diastole27LVEDV MOD A2C 118 mL.Open in the lecture
Simpson's A2C, end-systole27LVESV MOD A2C 40 mL.Open in the lecture
Poor endocardial definition, apical two-chamber30Endocardial borders drop out, so a Simpson trace is unreliable.Open in the lecture
Poor endocardial definition, apical four-chamber30Endocardial borders drop out, so a Simpson trace is unreliable.Open in the lecture
Normal LV, parasternal and apical views (quad)34Course example 1: normal LV function in four views.Open in the lecture
Severely reduced LV, apical view35Course example 2: severely decreased LV function (course label: two-chamber).Open in the lecture
Severely reduced LV, parasternal long axis35Course example 2: severely decreased LV function.Open in the lecture
Severely reduced LV, parasternal short axis35Course example 2: severely decreased LV function.Open in the lecture
Severely reduced LV, subcostal four-chamber35Course example 2: severely decreased LV function.Open in the lecture
Hyperdynamic LV, apical four-chamber36Hyperdynamic LV; burned-in teaching label "FE 70%" (course slide states 78%).Open in the lecture
Moderately reduced LV, apical four-chamber36Moderately decreased LV function; burned-in teaching label "FE 35%".Open in the lecture
Normal LV, apical four-chamber36Normal LV function; burned-in teaching label "FE 60%".Open in the lecture
Severely reduced LV, apical four-chamber36Severely decreased LV function; burned-in teaching label "FE 10%".Open in the lecture
LV question, apical four-chamber50Course question 1: severely decreased LV function (course answer).Open in the lecture
LV question, parasternal long axis50Course question 1: severely decreased LV function (course answer).Open in the lecture
LV question, parasternal short axis50Course question 1: severely decreased LV function (course answer).Open in the lecture

Used with permission · reviewed 18 Oct 2026

SCCM course clips: fluids and volume responsiveness

Volume responsiveness lecture, used in Flow and fluids. Same permission and processing.

FileCourse slideWhat it showsLecture
Frank–Starling curve and respiratory variation6Course diagram: high arterial respiratory variation on the steep part of the curve, low variation near the plateau.Open in the lecture
LVEDA tracing level, parasternal short axis10Course clip for the LVEDA slide (course label: mid-papillary short axis).Open in the lecture
Small LV labelled hypovolaemia, parasternal short axis12Course label "hypovolemia"; reused for course question 1 (LVEDA 5 cm², answer: likely fluid responsive).Open in the lecture
IVC at end-expiration, subcostal long axis13IVC end-expiratory diameter as a static measure.Open in the lecture
IVC collapsibility at the right atrial junction21IVC narrowing with spontaneous inspiration; no measured value given by the course.Open in the lecture
Three patients in shock: IVC, patient 123Unlabelled course clip; no diagnosis given and none assigned.Open in the lecture
Three patients in shock: IVC, patient 223Unlabelled course clip; no diagnosis given and none assigned.Open in the lecture
Three patients in shock: IVC, patient 323Unlabelled course clip; no diagnosis given and none assigned.Open in the lecture
Apical five-chamber view of the LVOT27The LVOT view used for SV = CSA × VTI.Open in the lecture
Apical window behind the LVOT PW gate282D window behind the LVOT VTI and respiratory peak-velocity spectra.Open in the lecture
LVOT VTI by pulsed-wave Doppler with calculations28VTI 8.5 cm, SV 26 mL, CO 1.87 L/min at HR 71/min (course notes: a low VTI).Open in the lecture
Aortic peak velocity variation: course question 230Peaks 0.63 and 0.46 m/s; ΔVpeak 31.2% (course answer: likely fluid responsive).Open in the lecture
Aortic peak velocity variation: responder31Peaks 1.12 and 0.88 m/s; ΔVpeak 24% (course: fluid responsive, threshold >12%).Open in the lecture
Bed angle indicator at 45°36Bed rail indicator for the semi-recumbent PLR baseline.Open in the lecture
Bed angle indicator flat36Bed rail indicator with the trunk flat for the PLR position.Open in the lecture
Small LV cavity with thick walls, parasternal short axis52Course limitation: a stiff, non-compliant LV is relatively underfilled even with normal central venous volume.Open in the lecture

Used with permission · reviewed 18 Oct 2026

SCCM course clips: Case studies

Clinical cases, used in Case studies. Same permission and processing; the radiograph’s identifiers are blacked out.

FileCourse slideWhat it showsLecture
IVC moving out of the image plane, subcostal long axis2The IVC translates in and out of the image plane, so the apparent collapse is an artefact (course answer: technique incorrect).Open in the lecture
IVC with hepatic vein confluence, subcostal colour Doppler4Correct IVC plane: hepatic vein draining into the IVC at its junction with the right atrium.Open in the lecture
Subcostal four-chamber view5Subcostal four-chamber view paired with the IVC clip; the course states no finding.Open in the lecture
Severe LV dysfunction, parasternal long axis7Severe global LV dysfunction (course answer: EF below 30%) in a patient failing to wean from NIV.Open in the lecture
Severe LV dysfunction, apical long axis8Same patient: severe global LV dysfunction.Open in the lecture
Severe LV dysfunction, apical two-chamber8Same patient: severe global LV dysfunction.Open in the lecture
Left atrial mass and pericardial effusion, apical four-chamber12Left atrial mass with pericardial effusion; thoracotomy showed lung cancer extending into the left atrium through the pulmonary veins.Open in the lecture
Hypokinetic LV with a relatively hyperdynamic RV, apical four-chamber15The RV appears hyperdynamic only relative to a hypokinetic LV in sepsis; not hypovolaemia and not McConnell sign.Open in the lecture
Contrast apical four-chamber, baseline19Baseline contrast (Optison) apical four-chamber before VF arrest after aortic root replacement.Open in the lecture
Contrast apical four-chamber after VF arrest19After VF arrest: severe hypokinesis to akinesis of the anterior wall, apex and septum with preserved lateral and inferior walls (course answer: cardiac catheterisation).Open in the lecture
Contrast parasternal short axis, baseline19Baseline contrast short axis before VF arrest.Open in the lecture
Contrast parasternal short axis after VF arrest19Short axis after VF arrest: regional wall motion abnormality.Open in the lecture
Normal heart, parasternal short axis24Septic 18-year-old: heart completely normal (course reading).Open in the lecture
B-lines, right upper chest24B-lines show fluid in the interlobular septa; not specific for pneumonia (course reading).Open in the lecture
Right neck veins, septic thrombophlebitis24Right neck vessels in a septic 18-year-old: venous thrombus (Lemierre syndrome).Open in the lecture
FAST right upper quadrant without free fluid24No fluid in Morison’s pouch and no hydronephrosis (course reading).Open in the lecture
Right neck colour Doppler, Lemierre syndrome25Fusobacterium necrophorum bacteraemia with Lemierre syndrome (septic thrombophlebitis); the course labels the view only as right neck.Open in the lecture
Localised haematoma compressing the RV after pacing-wire removal, subcostal27Tamponade from a localised collection after epicardial pacing-wire removal (course answer: resternotomy).Open in the lecture
Chest radiograph after fluid resuscitation18Radiograph after aggressive fluid resuscitation in Case 4; shown on the course slide without a report.Open in the lecture

Selection and reuse

Source review

The selected files use CC BY or CC BY-SA. Freely viewable teaching material may carry different reuse conditions.

SourceTeaching valueDecision
Gillman et al., 2009Basic lung signs, pleural fluid, FAST and IVC.Seven clips, CC BY 2.0. Identifying headers masked where needed; older management claims are not adopted.
CardioNetworks / ECHOpediaClear normal cardiac windows with creator credits.Two clips, file-specific CC BY-SA 3.0. Derivatives retain ShareAlike.
Ultrasound of the WeekPericardial-effusion case.One clip, file-specific CC BY-SA 4.0. Commons preserves source and archived permission information.
Zhang & Chen, 2015Physiological lung-point mimic.One clip, CC BY 4.0. Publication consent is stated in the article.
The POCUS AtlasBroad contemporary library, including uncommon pathology.CC BY-NC 4.0. Linked resource; not copied into this selection.
LITFLExtensive cases and interpretation.CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 site licence, with possible per-item exceptions. Linked resource.
Stanford Medicine 25Probe handling and acquisition demonstrations.No asset-specific open reuse licence verified on the reviewed page. Link to the original.

These clinical clips supplement the original interactive diagrams. Source resolution varies. The collection does not yet supply every Doppler or pathological example; use the lecture explanations and references for those topics.

Reuse: each clip and its poster retain the Creative Commons licence stated beside them. These licences take precedence over the website’s general copyright notice. Give the creator, source, licence and changes when reusing a file; preserve the stated ShareAlike licence for adapted CC BY-SA files.

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